Bertahan di Kaki Gunung: Transformasi Sosial-Ekologis dan Restrukturisasi Mata Pencaharian Masyarakat Pascaerupsi Gunung Kelud 2014

Dwi Ni'matur Rohmah, A Zahid

Abstract


Erupsi Gunung Kelud pada tahun 2014 menyebabkan perubahan sosial ekologis yang signifikan bagi masyarakat di area lereng gunung, terutama di Desa Sugihwaras, Kecamatan Ngancar, Kabupaten Kediri.  Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh perubahan kondisi sosial-ekologis yang disebabkan oleh erupsi terhadap aset mata pencaharian serta cara rumah tangga di wilayah tersebut merestrukturisasi mata pencaharian sebagai bentuk respons adaptif. Menggunakan pendekatan studi kualitatif yang berlandaskan pada Sustainable Livelihood Framework (SLF), data diperoleh melalui wawancara mendalam, pengamatan langsung  dan analisis dokumen terhadap informan utama. Temuan menunjukkan adanya dinamika sosial-ekologis yang dualistik: dalam jangka pendek, material vulkanik merugikan lahan pertanian dan modal alam, sedangkan dalam jangka menengah, abu vulkanik secara signifikan meningkatkan kesuburan tanah sehingga memperkuat ikatan masyarakat dengan wilayah rentan bencana. Di tingkat rumah tangga, restrukturisasi mata pencaharian dilakukan melalui tiga mekanisme utama: (1) penggunaan ternak sebagai penopang finansial ketika terjadi krisis; (2) diversifikasi komoditas pertanian dari tanaman musiman seperti cengkeh dan kopi ke nanas serta sektor jasa pariwisata; dan (3) pengoptimalan modal sosial formal dan informal melalui program Desa Bersaudara dan jaringan gotong royong. Penelitian ini juga mengidentifikasi risiko terjebak dalam utang yang timbul akibat akses kredit informal yang tidak teratur setelah bencana. Secara keseluruhan hasil penelitian ini memperluas asumsi utama SLF dengan mengidentifikasi bahwa di wilayah vulkanik aktif, sikls bencana tidak hanya meningkatkan kerentanan tetapi juga bertindak sebagai mekanisme pemulihan ekologis yang memperkuat keterikatan tempat penghidupan di komunitas yang terdampak.

Keywords


Restrukturisasi Mata Pencaharian, Sistem Sosial-Ekologis, Erupsi Gunung Berapi, Sustainable Livelihoods Framework, Gunung Kelud

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